ADVANCED POINTS

1. REDUCED RELATIVE SENTENCES
2. WHICH TO REFER TO A WHOLE CLAUSE
3. WHAT = THE THING THAT
4. ALL OF/ MOST OF ...+ WHOM/ WHICH

REDUCED RELATIVE SENTENCES

We sometimes leave out Who/Which/That+ is/are/was/were

Have you seen the man begging outside the church?
         (= who is begging outside the church)

The guns fired by the soldiers were made in Russia
         (= which were fired)

Exercise 1
Exercise 2

WHICH TO REFER TO A WHOLE CLAUSE

Which can refer  to a whole clause, not only to the antecedent. Compare:

Have you got a book which/that is easy to read?
(=Which/that refers to "book")

I had to buy the book again, which was a waste a money
(= "which" refers to the whole sentence "I had to buy the book again")

Exercise 1

WHAT = THE THING THAT

We can use "what" with the meaning of "the things that" or"the stuff that"

What I need is a glass of water

We don´t use what after all, everything or nothing. After them , we use That

All that I need is a glass of water

Exercise 1

ALL OF/ MOST OF ...+ WHOM/ WHICH

Have a look at these examples:

        I have got  4 children. All of them are boys
        I have got 4 children, all of whom are boys

I have bought lots of books in French . I don´t understand most of them.
I have bought lots of books in French, most of which I don´t understand

In the same way we can say:

none of/some of/both of/neither of/many of/half of/any of/ a few of... +  whom (for people)
                                                                                                           +  which (for things)

Exercise 1